Affirmed
Tara appealed.
The trial record was assembled and transmitted to the California Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Division Four. Case No. A165356. The briefs were filed. The arguments were made. Walsh raised three.
The first argument: the trial court erred in refusing to continue the trial when Walsh told the court she was having mental health issues.
The appellate court disagreed. When Walsh first made the request for a continuance, the jury had already been sworn and she had already delivered an opening statement in propria persona. The trial court observed that Walsh had withstood examination by opposing counsel and appeared to understand the nature of the proceedings. The court told her directly: it was not precluding her from presenting a psychiatrist’s note, but if she wished to continue the case, the court would require good cause. Walsh never provided the note. She never established good cause. She had represented herself through voir dire, through opening statements, through direct examination. The court concluded she was able to proceed.
The appellate court found no abuse of discretion.
The second argument: the evidence was insufficient to support the jury’s verdict on all three torts — battery, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and domestic violence.
The appellate court found this claim waived.
When challenging the sufficiency of evidence on appeal, the appellant’s burden is to set forth in her brief all the material evidence on the point — not merely her own evidence. Walsh’s opening brief summarized only her own testimony. It neglected Russell’s testimony — which described symptoms he experienced, how those symptoms would abate in Walsh’s absence, a blood test that revealed high levels of lithium in his body, and the statements of a nanny who had witnessed Walsh drugging his wine. By failing to set forth all the material evidence pertaining to battery, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and domestic violence, Walsh’s claims were deemed waived.
She had told only her side of a story the jury had already heard in full. Not that the brief had fabricated — it had omitted, which in appellate review carries the same weight, because the court is entitled to treat what the appellant declines to mention as what the appellant cannot contest.
The appellate court then addressed the merits anyway.
Even if Walsh’s claims were not waived, the court found, substantial evidence supported the jury’s verdict on all three torts.
On battery: Walsh admitted to drugging Russell’s wine and placing it near him, intending that he ingest the drug. Russell explained the sensations he experienced — the abnormal symptoms, the panic upon realizing he had been drugged, the subsequent withdrawal and neuropathy. The jury could reasonably find that Walsh intentionally did an act which resulted in harmful or offensive contact with Russell’s person.
Walsh argued self-defense. The appellate court noted that self-defense requires the defendant to have reasonably believed, in view of all the circumstances, that the plaintiff was going to harm her. Russell testified that he never physically harmed Walsh or threatened her with physical harm. The jury apparently resolved the question of credibility against Walsh.
Walsh argued consent — that Russell had impliedly consented to being drugged. She cited two cases involving medical consent forms. The appellate court found neither case relevant. Those cases involved doctors and signed consent forms — professionals in a clinical setting, the patient informed, the document executed with a pen. This case involved a woman putting drugs in a man’s wine without telling him. That the defense could locate no authority closer to the facts than a signed medical waiver said something the brief itself did not say: there is no body of case law recognizing implied consent to being covertly poisoned by an intimate partner, because no court has been asked to find that such consent exists.
On intentional infliction of emotional distress: Walsh’s extreme and outrageous conduct consisted of drugging Russell’s wine without his knowledge or consent. Her reckless disregard for the probability of causing emotional distress could be inferred from the fact that she accompanied Russell to the emergency room on one of his trips for a toxicology report when he suspected he had been drugged. She knew he was in distress. She later drugged him again.
On domestic violence: Walsh did not contest that she and Russell had the requisite relationship. The injury finding was supported by the evidence that Walsh placed Russell in reasonable apprehension of imminent serious bodily injury by inducing the panic he experienced upon noticing he had been drugged — panic that resulted in symptoms including withdrawal and neuropathy.
The court’s conclusion was a single sentence: “Finding none of these arguments persuasive, we affirm the judgment.” Russell was entitled to recover his costs on appeal.
The opinion was filed September 15, 2023. Justice Goldman wrote for the court. Justice Streeter and Justice Hiramoto concurred. The case name on the filing read Walsh v. Russell — the appellant listed first, as appellate convention requires.
The judgment was then exemplified and domesticated in Westchester County Supreme Court under Index No. 55523/2023. Full Faith and Credit. The Constitution requires it. A judgment entered in one state must be recognized and enforced by another.
The California finding — that the woman who held sole custody of Steve’s daughter had been adjudicated liable for battery with malice, for domestic violence, for intentional infliction of emotional distress — was now enforceable in the same county where the family court orders remained in effect. The same county where a gag order had been entered and then struck down. The same county where three judges had recused themselves. The same county where a default at five o’clock had produced a custody order that the appellate court later said rested on a proceeding that never occurred.
Two court systems. Two states. Two appellate courts.
In California, the battery verdict was final. The jury’s determination that Tara Walsh had committed battery with fraud and malice was embedded in the civil record — indexed, permanent, affirmed on appeal.
In New York, the Appellate Division had struck down the gag order as unconstitutional and found that the default did not occur.
Both records existed simultaneously. The California record said Steve had been battered. The New York record said the orders built on the default were constitutionally infirm. And in the space between those two records — in the gap between what the courts had found and what had changed as a result — the custody order remained. The child remained in New York.
The battery verdict was final. The custody situation was unchanged.
Evie was seven. She had never seen a courtroom. She did not know that two appellate courts in two states had reviewed the facts of her life and reached conclusions about the people who raised her. She knew only what the people around her told her, and the people around her were the people the courts had found liable, and the courts that found them liable could not reach her.
Being right is not the same as being restored.
Machine Summary
- Post
- B44 — Affirmed
- Act
- Act IX — The Silence (2023)
- Summary
- Tara appeals the battery verdict. Three arguments. The appellate court finds none of them persuasive. The jury's findings survive review. The judgment is domesticated in the same county where the family court orders remain in effect.
- Evidence Confidence Score
- 82/100
- Tags
- 2023, California Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Two Court Systems, Westchester, Full Faith and Credit, Resolution
- Related Posts
- B41, B35, B42